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February 2008

05/02

Broken trochanteric wire 

I had bilateral revision hips about eight years ago.  The right revision required a trocanteric osteotomy with re-wiring of the trocanter.  I have had intermittent pain and difficult/inability to walk on right hip in recent times.  Xray showed a broken trocanteric wire.  I would be grateful if you could advise me about the problems a broken trocanteric wire can give and possible treatment options.  My surgeon advises that removing the wires would necessitate an incision of approximately 4-5 inches and carries infection risk.

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Answer

Broken ”trochanteric wire” happens in patients who had a rather ”big surgery” of their total hip – usually a revision operation. To improve access to the hip, the surgeon chiseled off the attachment of the big hip muscles together with a piece of bone called trochanter and after the operation he sutured the piece of bone back to the thigh bone with a wire. This wire relatively often breaks after some time. Then the piece of bone is usually healed back and the wire is no longer necessary for fixation. In most cases the broken wire makes no trouble, but in case that it irritates the patient the wire should be removed. Usually this is very little surgery; the risk of postoperative infection is rather small, only “theoretic”. After wire removal the patients are free of their problems. 


Januari 2009 

20/01

Pain in the total hip hip, is it loose? 

Since November 15, 2008 I cannot walk normally anymore with the hip that had the surgery and determined it was a modulus misfit...I now have lots of pain in groin, thigh and butt as I said I had after the orthotics were fitted and I began having this pain but I never wore the orthotics again but this pain has continued and I can no longer walk for more than 5 minutes without sitting....I had a bone scan and it shows as they said "no loosening of prosthesis".....this is a Zimmer Prosthesis which has been recalled for defective cups but only those from 2005 to 2008...mine was put in 2003....I feel this prosthesis is loosened or something is very wrong but after an x ray and bone scan, this is all the doctor tells me...does not show loosening.  My muscles are in much pain...can this do any damage to the muscle if it is only the modulus misfit? 

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Answer

I am glad to hear again from you but I am sorry that you continue to have severe pain problems with your total hip replacement. Such problems cannot be diagnosed and treated on Internet (see Disclaimer on my web site), but I can have some ideas how surgeons manage these patients with pain after total hip replacement.

First, they do blood tests that should exclude low-grade infection.

Then they do thorough clinical examination that should assess the stability of the hip joint, and assess whether any lack of stability can cause / contribute to the pain problems.

Then a thorough examination should assess whether tight, contracted muscles and soft tissues can cause the patient’s pain problems. This source of pain is often left undiscovered because many surgeons assess only x-ray pictures, not the whole patient and his/her hip.

Then assessment of all x-ray pictures should begin with the first postoperative picture. Only such consequent examination and comparison can discover whether the total hip device changed position during the postoperative period; this would be the only acceptable radiological method how to decide whether the total hip is loose. One look at only a single x-ray picture without comparison with the previous pictures is not enough.

There are a lot of other characteristics that one can see on x-ray pictures, for example position of the components, position of screws ( if any were used), length of the operated on leg. Also these characteristics should be assessed thoroughly because they can contribute to the pain symptoms.

I do not know why you had the bone scan done; usually it is used in patients with suspect infection of the replaced total hip. But then, as I wrote initially, one should first have the blood tests done. If it is negative (remember that it is not a fully reliable test method) then good, the infection is probably not causing your pain. But it does not say about all other possible sources of pain. 

Probably it would be best if you wrote the important questions and then go through the list with your surgeon. If you are unsure, you may always have a second opinion.


18/01

No pain after operation of hip ossifications –it is OK? 

In your experience, did you ever know of patients not having pain after your hip surgery? I ask this because I had surgery to take out heterotopic bone in my hip which came because of a revision complication. Right after surgery no pain. No drugs, it felt tight and the staples pulled but no pain. I had radiation after surgery to stop the heterotopic bone growth. I am now going through Physical Therapy, I have been through enough Physical Therapy to know always take something before you go as it can get uncomfortable. Not this time, I can move the hip, but can not lift leg yet. I don't mean to complain but this is my 7th surgery on my hip, I have never had this happen before. The hip is very swollen as it is only been 8 days. The surgeon did a lot of muscle slicing and dicing and had to dislocate the hip to take out the bone. Any ideas?

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Answer:

First of all, granulations to an (almost) pain-free postoperative course.

Perception of pain is individual. Complete insensitivity to pain is an exceedingly rare congenital deviation, I am sure you do not suffer of it; you should observe such exceptional quality already earlier. Loss of touch and pain feelings occurs also with some severe neurological diseases, but don’t think of them: doctors would discover them earlier.

If one would speculate about possible factors that diminished your pain threshold then one would think that of x-ray radiation was responsible. In old times one applied “anti-inflammatory” radiation for painful shoulders, e.g. 

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12/01/2009

3 months after total knee – how much activity?

I am having a total knee replacement Oct 23 2007. My question is when would I be able to get out to go to my son varsity basketball games. Sports are a very big part of our life and I don't want to miss anything. His 1st game would be Nov 14. I know it's is a silly question but this is what's bothering me the most about the surgery. Just how soon can I start to get out and about like attending High School games.

 S M         

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Answer:

If you really had a total knee replacement done (as you write) on Oct 2007, then you probably have developed during the following 14 months all skills and experience necessary to live comfortably with your new knee joint (inclusive of following your son to varsity basketball games).

If the date of your knee surgery was on Oct 2008, then three months have already passed since operation.

 At this period (3 months postoperatively) the total knee joint reaches (normally) almost full performance, both in muscle force and range of motion. For the patient it is important to realize that in this period he / she should begin to use the new total knee joint in regular everyday activities (in society and in sports). Prohibited are only activities producing sudden physical impact on the total knee, such as running, jumping, playing football, (and basketball) and like activities.

From this point of view couching / following your son to the varsity games is a pleasant activity that does not put any unduly stress / impact on your total knee. Please, enjoy it (the new knee joint).

 


10/01/2009

Metal allergy after total knee replacement 

I work have worked in physical therapy for the past 12 years.  I work primarily with orthopedic patients that have had total joint surgery.  I currently have a patient that has perplexed me with his complaint. He had a total knee replacement approx 4 months ago.  His edema, strength and range of motion improved as they usually do, but he has had the complaint of a "hot knee" from 2-3 weeks status post surgery until the present.  This "hot knee" complaint is described as he feels his knee is "burning up on the inside".  There is no significant temperature changes from normal to the superficial areas, and he shows no signs of infection.

My question is:  Is it possible he may have an allergy to the metal components of the total knee? I do plan in investigating his skin problems at his next visit.  I wonder if any of the patients that had metal allergies with a total joint had the complaint of deep heat in the joint that was described as this gentleman describes this heat.

DR
 

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Answer:

It is an interesting idea (or hypothesis); it is plausible that feelings of heat in the replaced total joint may be associated in some way with metal allergy. I believe that the feeling of heat in the replaced joint is a peculiar syndrome, but it exists, although infrequently. Closer examination of it is certainly warranted.

I see only two problems in the whole:

First: The reliable diagnosis of the metal allergy. There is not a generally agreed test of metal allergy, so that you should choose a specialist with experience with testing patients for metal allergy.

Second: even proven metal allergy (by for example skin test) does not prove that the symptoms of inner heat in the replaced joint are caused just by the metal allergy. From that follows that even a positive test for metal allergy would not have any therapeutic consequences just at this stage.

VS


 

December 2008

30/12/2009 

What is PEEK material? 

Excellent website. Haven’t been here for a while but will be needing revision hip surgery sometime in the next year or so…?

Have you heard anything about a new material for bearing surface called implant grade PEEK? It is a new ploy something, and can be reinforced with carbon fiber.

J

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Answer

Interesting question. PEEK materials ate not so new, first industrial applications I found are appearing about 2000. The polymer is sometimes also called PEAK (PolyArylEtherKetone), and is used reinforced with carbon fibers (CFR).

It seems that PEEK is now used in spinal surgery as replacement for titanium metal for manufacturing the “spinal cages”.

Use of PEEK materials as bearing surface in combination with ceramic materials (Biolox) in artificial joints was to my knowledge recently tested in laboratory condition (pin and disc technique), not as an complete total joint. Recent report (2007) on such laboratory test concludes that “results inspire optimism that these PEEK-based material combinations may perform well in artificial joint applications”.

Obviously, the performance of conventional bearing surfaces in artificial hip, shoulder, and knee joints is deemed as good and thus there is no hurry to go to new materials.

Especially as introduction of new materials for bearing surfaces often ended with catastrophe (carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene, Teflon, Delrin).

I think that well proven products with long follow up are still the best alternative for use in patients.

VS

 


 29/12,2008

Pain and lameness after total hip replacement 

My mother had a right total hip replacement 2 years ago at age 62.  Since the surgery she has lost her gait and most ability to walk, drive, get in/out of a car, etc...  I am writing this question with a great deal of emotion because since this surgery I have lost the mother I remember.  She was an active woman who took four children (now grown) around the world.  It is very difficult to see her as an invalid.  What I can see/know is that her right leg is about a 1/4 inch longer than her left.  I can also see that she has no strength in her upper right leg which has made her lean her right knee into her left to get her leg to move.  Her leg seems greatly deformed with the right knee turned into her left knee and her right foot turned so far out she can not even get it straight.  She depends on a walker and can only walk a short distance before the hip and knee pain is too great to deal with.  She had been going to Physical Therapy, but it just doesn't seem to be helping her leg at all. She began to have leg spasms and her orthopedic surgeon sent her to a neurologist and the neurologist administered botox injections into the thigh muscle. 

This really seemed to make her weaker than before.  She and my father have been told by her Ortho Doc that no more surgeries are needed unless they amputate - My father is her care provider and is fed up and has basically left her to sit in the house everyday/night.  She is 400 miles from me, but I want to help - if it means bringing her to live with me until she gets a gait back.  When I do visit I see her doing the pages of exercises that have been assigned by the previous PT. Where do I go next?  What kind of doctor/s, teams, etc... does she need to see to get a quality of life back –the one she had before this surgery?  Can you offer any help?  Let me know the exact questions I need to ask to help find a cure or plan of recovery for her? 

RA

________________

Answer:

I understand the unhappy situation of your mother. From the scarce information (as is always the case with the Internet info) it seems that there were and still are serious soft tissue problems after the total hip operation of your mother.

You write that your mother had had “leg spasms” and had a neurological examination. What said the neurologist? Was there really any neurological disease causing these “spasms”? Or were these only an expression of muscle imbalance?

Was possibly the nerve disease so serious that the neurologist considered it necessary to inject the bacterial toxin botulin (commercial name) which is used to lame the muscles? That is also what happened to your mother. Someone should assess how / if this procedure (botox injection) damaged and worsened the function in the muscles around the total hip of your mother.

I think you should seriously discuss this botox injection and its consequences with the neurologists, second opinion would perhaps be necessary.

Then there should be an experienced surgeon who can assess also the soft tissue (muscles, tendons, ligaments) deficiencies (contractures) that were probably causing a greater part of your mother’s total hip problems. Now these deficiencies are multiplied by the muscle paralysis caused by botox injection. It may be difficult to differentiate between these two muscle damages caused by different mechanisms.

This surgeon should also assess all x-ray pictures to decide whether the total hip device is placed correctly and that it is not producing any further leg deformity.

If the “current” surgeon says that there is only “amputation” left, please, as him/ her to explain why: what is so serious in your mother’s condition that this “last resource” should be used.

I do not know individual surgeons in the USA at the place where you are living ( I assume that you and your mother are staying there), but I know that Anil Bhave, PT, and Doctor Michael Mont at the Rubin Institute of Advanced Orthopaedic, Sinai Hospital in Baltimore are specially studying and writing about these problems. Perhaps you may contact them and ask for more information.

E-mail of Anil Bhave : anilbhave@yahoo.com

Do not hesitate to contact me again if something is unclear.

VS 


24/12/2008

Pain after arthroscopic Hip surgery 

My friend had a hip labrum removal what is the prognosis for this surgery.  The doctor said he is at 100% and can go back to work full time at doing

the same thing he was doing before, construction.  He had his 1st surgery 10/2007 arthroscopically, the second one was arthronomy 7/2008 where

the hip labrum was totally removed.  He is still having problems with decreased range of motion and pain.  What are your suggestions?

KB

______________________

Answer:

At first: the surgeons doing the arthroscopic operations on the hip joint are in accord that the results of this surgery are difficult to predict. Some patients can, thus, continue with pain and decreased range of motion in spite of surgeon’s assessment that the result is “100%”.

Second: the result of the arthroscopic hip surgery also depends on two other factors: the patient’s hip disease and the surgeon’s experience.

If the tear of the labrum of your friend was combined with greater lesion of the joint cartilage of his/her hip joint, then probably the result of arthroscopic hip surgery would be less then successful. Ask your surgeon about this possibility.

The more limited range of motion in the hip joint is usually caused by more severe lesion of the joint cartilage, but less diminished motion may also be caused by some deformity of the hip joint. This deformity could be seen on appropriate x-ray pictures of the hip joint.  (The names for these x-ray projections are “cross-table”, axial, “Dunn” projections). Ask your surgeon whether these special x-ray pictures were made and what they reveal.

Ask him also whether he had seen some deformity at the open surgery.

Continuing pain in the hip after arthroscopic surgery may also be caused by nerve lesion of the nerves around the hip joint. This happens because of great traction forces used during the surgery that may produce nerve damages. This type of pain is, however, usually not lasting. Ask your surgeon whether there are sign of such nerve lesion in your friend.

Depending on what causes the continued pain and limited range of motion the surgeon should decide on further direction of treatment. 

VS


 23/12/ 2008

Push ups after total hip replacement 

I had total hip replacement 1/7/8. My recovery has been great-Would like to resume exercise program. Is it safe to do push ups? What exercises should be avoided?

___________________________

Answer:

Congratulations to successful total hip replacement.

Push ups are not part of any rehabilitation program for patients operated on with total hips. They do not engage the muscles around the hip joint that are weak after replacement surgery. Depending on the site of the operation approach, they can be directly inappropriate in the early training period.

Ask, please, your PT who certainly has the knowledge of your surgery / which muscles were “engaged” during surgery and need special attention. Ask him/her for detailed rehabilitation program for your exercises, not only for the special muscles around the operated on hip joint but also for the whole body (training of balance etc.)

VS


12/12/2008

Too short leg after THR 

I had a previous acetabular fx which was openly reduced.  Ultimately, arthritic changes required a THR.  The operated on leg, before surgery, was about 6mm long by radiographic determination.  After the operation, the leg became 3cm SHORT by radiographic measurement.  I had to have a revision surgery about 5 months later to lengthen the leg…that is now  now about 1.5cm short. I’m doing much better.  How common is this complication, and what, if anything might be the long-term prognosis?
_________________________

 Answer: 

Shortening of the leg after THR is unusual and shortening with 3 cm is very unusual. Your surgeon probably explained to you  what caused this large shortening. One may suspect, because the reason for THR was previous hip fracture, that complicated anatomic situation in the hip was leading to difficult orientation and subsequent to the use of a too short total hip device.

Shortening of the leg with 1,5 cm may usually be compensated very well with simple shoe lift and the shoe lift is also well tolerated. (Except for the rare occasions when going barefoot, for ex. on sea strands and like).

There is no known risk that this relatively minor (< 2cm) leg length difference might have on the longevity of the THR if well compensated by shoe lift.

VS 

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10/12/2008

Stiff and painful knee after arthroscopic surgery 

For five weeks ago I had arthroscopic surgery on my knee.  It is now 5 weeks later and I have only 20% movement of my knee.  I cannot walk without crutches and have been going to physical therapy ever since I hurt it back in July of this year.  Surgery consisted of repairing cartilage and a meniscus tear.  My surgeon is considering another surgery for manipulation and possible scar tissue removal.  If this is the case, is there a good chance that it will be successful in helping my problem, and if so, is there a possibility of regaining all of the movement back?  

___________________________

Answer:

Pain and stiffness after arthroscopic surgery of the knee are usual and surgeons are trying to mitigate them by different procedures (injections of local anesthetics into the knee after surgery for ex.). The duration of these troubles depends on what the surgeon has done inside the knee. 4 to 6 weeks of postoperative pain and stiffness may be observed in patients with some more extended surgical procedure such as the suture of the meniscus and like.

Only the surgeon knows what he/she has done and whether the degree of pain and stiffness in the knee is to be “acceptable” for this kind of surgery.

The basic rule is: if the symptoms diminish continually then usually one can wait and continue with PT etc. Usually, the motion in the knee returns fully after simpler arthroscopic surgery, although it may take many weeks. Stiff knee as a result of simpler arthroscopic surgery (meniscus repair) is very unusual.

If the pain and stiffness do not diminish or even increase then something is wrong and action is needed. The surgeon should choose the appropriate action in that case. The prospects of a new arthroscopic surgery to regain full motion in a knee stiff after previous arthroscopic surgery? The person that best should assess the prospect of complete repair after it would be your surgeon. Discuss it with him.

VS

 


07/12

Leg length difference after THR 

What would be the line between normal and abnormal (in cm) in leg length difference after THR surgery when both were equal to begin with?

____ 

Answer:

The difference in length between both legs depends on the method of measurements.

Measurement with tape has greater error (about 5 millimeters) compared with measurement made on x-ray pictures (error about 1 millimeter).

For patients after  uncomplicated THR the measurement should be made on x-ray pictures and ideally both legs should be equally long.

In reality about 72% of  patients with total hips done for osteoarthritis have both legs equally long, about 20% have the operated on leg longer by about 1 cm and he rest have the leg shorter. Patients with leg length difference > 2 cm after uncomplicated THR are rare.

For more details look at the chapter: Too long leg

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 08/12

Further info 

My husband is recovering form what the MD said was unremarkable surgery and the first thing he said to me was that both legs came out the same length.  However, he has been walking with such a limp that when he went into get his staples out, he had the PA measure his length and the original leg was 99 CM and the operated leg was 103 CM.  To me that's quite a large difference and being told that the operated hip will work itself in sounds farfetched.

Answer: 

Your information is not specific enough: Can I understand your information so that the operated on leg was 99 cm long before the operation and now after the operation is 103 cm long. How long is the other, non operated leg? Is it also 99 cm long as was originally the operated on leg?

That would mean that after the surgery, the operated on leg is now 4 cm longer. Such leg length difference may cause problems. The reasons why it occurred should be examined and explained carefully.

Tape measurements are not enough; leg length measurements should be made from x- pictures, just as well as the x-ray pictures should be inspected to disclose why there is this leg length difference.

Then one should treat the leg length difference. If it is real (and not caused by contracted musculature) then special orthopaedic shoe modification would be necessary.

You should discuss these problems carefully with your surgeon, the operated in total hip would not take care of such great length difference itself. It is even possible to ask another surgeon for second opinion.

 

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 06/12/2008

Tear of the labrum 

What is right: Tear in the socket of the hip joint or in the lining of the socket

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Answer
The socket of the hip joint is covered with fine joint cartilage. This can be (and often is) damaged too. What causes the pain in the groin in young active people is, however, damage to the cartilaginous structure on the rim of the hip joint socket (the structure you call “lining” . This cartilage-like structure is called labrum (lip). It is there to enlarge the hip joint surface and make the hip joint more stable.

Please look at the chapter: Hip joint diseases /Hip impingement for more details.

 


 

05/12

Pain after hip arthroscopy 

I am post op Rt hip arthroscopy for 4 weeks now. I am doing therapy and everything I have been instructed to do. All of a sudden I am experiencing pain & difficulty when walking that wasn't there a shorttime ago. I was in traction for about 3 hours to fix a labral tear and FAI and spurs on the femoral head. It has made me nervous that I wasdoing so well and now difficulty. Should I worry or is this part off  the healing process? At time I get a pain in the groin if I "make a wrong move". Thanks for any advise. 

_______________ 

Answer:

Pain after hip arthroscopy is usual and even smaller nerve damages are forthcoming. These nuisance, however, usually disappear within weeks after the arthroscopic surgery. They are caused by blood pool, pressure damage to the soft tissue and damage to small nerves by the appliances used during the arthroscopy.

The intensity of pain is dependent on the magnitude of the surgery done through the arthroscopy. The available statistics tell, however, that the pain associated with hip arthroscopy is not lasting.

The important thing is that the pain should successively diminish and subside; if it is constant or even increases then something is wrong and the surgeon should be contacted. 

 


04/12/2008

Tear of the labrum of the hip joint? 

I am wondering if it might be possible that I have a labral tear? I had an osteotomy surgery almost a year ago and I am still experiencing a lot of pain and stiffness in that hip. The x-rays do not show any sign of bone problems and the cartilage looks good from those. I am told I would need an MRI to diagnose a labral tear. I have limited range of motion and a sharp pinching sensation when I bring my leg up toward my chest. Also external rotation is hard. Any insight is greatly appreciated. 

JL

_____________________________

Answer:

Your complaints (pinching sensation in the hip when bringing the leg toward chest) are typical for damage of the little piece of the hip cartilage called labrum.

The MRI examination usually helps to find the right diagnosis. If there is a tear of this labrum it will be visualized on the MRI pictures. Please see the pictures in the chapter Hip Diseases / Hip Impingement

Unfortunately, this special kind of examination needs injection of a special contrast agent (gadolinium) into the hip. In some patients this injection may feel painful.

Treatment is most often by operation. At present, most operations are done by the key-hole technique (arthroscopy) of the hip joint.

You should discuss these possibilities with your surgeon

VS 

 


November 2008

06/11/2009

Pain in the THR after orthotics for foot disorder 

My question is this:  my ortho doctor recommended orthotics for my left foot which has a painful arthritic nodule...his treatment is/has been cortisone shots but he feels I am now developing problems with a bone in that foot so he has advised me to wear special designed orthotics on both feet.  I wore them a few hours each day as recommended by the podiatrist, but my right hip which has the THR with the “modulus misfit prosthesis” developed so much pain.  The pain is in the groin, my thigh and the cheek of my butt and I can barely walk.  Feels like my muscles are much bruised.  Question:  would orthotics be the cause of this problem and if so, why and what can be done about it? 

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 Answer:

Common sense tells that because your right TH developed pain in the groins after you started using the orthotics these orthotics are “causing” this pain.

Reasons can be two: either make these orthotics your legs to have different length; it seems, however, improbable, your orthopedist would very probably discover this misfit and corrected it.

Second, the orthotics may force the whole leg to rotate which again can successively develop tension and pain in the hip muscles.

I think that you should ask your PT and the podiatrist to look at whether the orthotics changed in any way the position of your leg and also measure the length of both legs.

From then on one may go further to study the tension in the muscles around your TH to discover what caused the sudden pain in your THR

VS


02/11/2008

Pain and weakness in the revision operated total hip

I had revision surgery of my (left) total hip done in 05. All was well after that operation. Recently, however I’m experiencing pain with the hip, leg and knee, especially when up and walking.

 Went back to doctor, he says x-rays look good and nothing wrong with the hip; he thinks it is related to back. Me, I am not so sure. Pains I am having include: soreness around knee, pulling sensation at inner and outer thigh, also pulling sensation at the top of hip. I am doing some exercises and can not walk very far. When I walk, I feel more pressure and pain on the revision leg and hip than on the other. My husband watched me walk and says that revision hip and leg (left) seems to be going out some; it looks like the body leans over to the operated on hip with every step. I feel unstable and cannot stand on the operated on leg.

 

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Answer:

You describe actually the situation of a patient with weak abductor muscles of the hip joint. These abductor muscles are the group of muscles that stabilize the hip joint when you put weight on it. See also the chapter Details of Anatomy/Hip joint for their action.

Five years after revision surgery a sudden weakening of abductor muscles may have one cause - loosening of the total hip device from the hip’s skeleton. This complication causes pain and pain weakens the muscles.

The diagnosis of loosening is done by evaluation of all x-ray pictures, not only the last ones, looking for changes in the position of the total hip device.

If this was not done yet, you should ask your surgeon and an experienced radiologist to go through all of your x-ray pictures taken since your revision operation and look for changes in the position of the total hip device. This would show changes in the device's position if the total hip device is loose.

Second, your surgeon and an experienced PT should asses the state of the muscles around your revised total hip and see if there is another cause for muscular weakness than loosening.

VS